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Electronic commerce, commonly known as e commerce or eCommerce,or e business consists of the buying and selling of products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer networks. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily with widespread Internet usage. The use of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management, Internet marketing, online [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] transaction processing, electronic data interchange (EDI), inventory management systems, and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at some point in the transaction s lifecycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e mail as well.

A large percentage of electronic commerce is conducted entirely electronically for virtual items such as access to premium content on a [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] website, but [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] most electronic commerce involves the transportation of [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] physical items in some way. Online retailers are sometimes known as e tailers and online retail is sometimes known as e tail. Almost all big retailers have electronic commerce presence on the World Wide Web.

Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses is referred to as business to business or B2B. B2B can be open to all interested parties (e.g. [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] commodity exchange) or limited to specific, pre qualified participants (private electronic market). Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses and consumers, on the other hand, is referred to as business to consumer or B2C. This is the type of electronic commerce conducted by companies such as Amazon dot com. Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce where the buyer is directly online to the seller s computer usually via the internet. There is no intermediary service. The sale and purchase transaction is completed electronically and interactively in real time such as Amazon for new books. If an intermediary is present, then the sale and [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] purchase transaction is called electronic commerce such as eBay.

Electronic [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] commerce is generally considered to be the sales aspect of e business. It also consists of the exchange of data to facilitate the financing and payment aspects of the business transactions.

Government Regulations

In the United States, some electronic commerce activities are regulated by the Federal Trade Commission (FTC). These activities include the use of commercial e mails, online advertising and consumer privacy. The CAN SPAM Act of 2003 establishes national standards for direct marketing over e mail. The Federal Trade Commission Act regulates all forms of advertising, including online advertising, and states that advertising must be truthful and non deceptive. Using its authority under Section 5 of the FTC Act, which prohibits unfair or deceptive practices, the FTC has brought [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] a number of cases to enforce the promises in corporate privacy statements, including promises about the security of consumers’ personal information. As result, any corporate privacy policy related to e commerce activity may be subject to enforcement by the FTC.

The Ryan Haight Online Pharmacy Consumer Protection Act of 2008, which came into law in 2008, amends the Controlled Substances Act to address online pharmacies.

Forms

[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] Contemporary electronic commerce involves everything from ordering digital [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] content for immediate online consumption, to ordering conventional goods and services, to meta services to facilitate other types of electronic commerce.

On the consumer level, electronic commerce is mostly conducted on the World Wide Web. An individual can go [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] online to purchase anything from books or groceries, to expensive items like real estate. Another example would be online banking, i.e. online bill payments, buying stocks, transferring funds from one account to another, and initiating wire payment to another country. All of these activities can be done with a few strokes of the keyboard.

On [link widoczny dla zalogowanych] the institutional level, big corporations and financial institutions use the internet to exchange financial data to facilitate domestic and international business. Data integrity and security are very hot and pressing issues for electronic commerce today.
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