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Photovoltaic is the direct conversion of light into electricity at the atomic level. Some materials exhibit a property called the photoelectric effect that leads them to absorb photons of light and release electrons. When these free electrons are caught, an electrical current is resulted that may be used as electricity.

The photoelectric effect was first noted by a French physicist, Edmund Bequerel, in 1839, who found that certain materials would produce small amounts [url=http://www.msc-sahc.org/moncler.asp]moncler pas cher[/url] of electrical current when exposed to light. In 1905, Albert Einstein [url=http://www.sandvikfw.net/shopuk.php]hollister outlet sale[/url] described the nature [url=http://www.achbanker.com/home.php]www.achbanker.com/home.php[/url] of light and the photoelectric effect on which photovoltaic technology is based, for which he later won a Nobel prize in physics. The first photovoltaic module was built by Bell Laboratories in 1954. It was promoted as a solar battery and was typically simply a curiosity as it was [url=http://www.rtnagel.com/louboutin.php]louboutin[/url] too pricey to gain established use.

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Photovoltaic power cells are made of the same types of semiconductor materials, such as silicon, utilized in the microelectronics industry. For solar cells, a thin semiconductor wafer is specifically treated to form an electric field, positive on one side and negative [url=http://www.rivaluta.it/hot/hogan.asp]outlet hogan[/url] on the other. When light energy strikes the solar power cell, electrons are knocked loose from the atoms in the semiconductor material. If electrical conductors are attached to the negative and positive sides, forming an electric circuit, the electrons can be caught in the form of an electric current -- that is, electricity. This electricity can then be used to power a load, such as a light or a tool.

A bunch of solar cells electrically connected to one another and mounted in a support structure or frame is known as a photovoltaic module. Modules are engineered to supply electricity at [url=http://www.mansmanifesto.com]doudoune moncler[/url] a certain voltage, such as a typical 12 volts system. [url=http://www.gotprintsigns.com/uggpascher/]ugg pas cher[/url] The prevailing produced is explicitly dependent on how much light strikes the module.

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Today's most typical PV devices utilize a single junction, or interface, to form an electrical field [url=http://www.hanesmorgan.com]hollister outlet[/url] inside a semiconductor such as a PV cell. In a single-junction PV cell, [url=http://www.vivid-host.com/barbour.htm]barbour uk[/url] only photons whose energy equals or larger than the band opening of the cell material can free an electron for an electric circuit. Put simply, [url=http://www.yab.ir/members/home]moncler pas cher Groupon, Instagram, et le spectre[/url] the photovoltaic response of single-junction cells is restricted to the part of the suns spectrum whose energy is above the band opening of the absorbing material, and lower-energy photons are not used.